LENGUA ADICIONAL A EL ESPAÑOL 2

GENDER VIOLENCE

Violence against women is one of the most tangible manifestations of the economic, social, political and cultural inequalities that exist between men and women. Violence against women constitutes a violation of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, manifesting itself in numerous forms and often causing grave physical and psychological consequences.

Violence against women is present in the private and public spheres of women's lives, and it is understood to include physical, sexual and psychological damage that occurs within the family or domestic unit as well as within other interpersonal relationships. It also occurs in the community, in the workplace and in educational, health and other state institutions.

As recognized by the international community, the link between violence against women and reproductive health is fundamental to understanding that such violence constitutes a public health problem. Violence against women, especially sexual violence, violates a woman's right to have control over her sexuality and her reproduction. It also deprives victims of the right to enjoy a healthy and satisfactory sexual life, which is an integral part of life and of healthy personal relationships. Sexual violence can also deprive a woman of her right to voluntary motherhood by producing unwanted or forced pregnancies.

Included under this concern is the topic of trafficking of women. The term trafficking encompasses the many forms of slave-like labor and sexual exploitation occurring throughout the world. Although the victims of trafficking include children as well as men, the vast majority of victims are women. It becomes critical then to understand the connection between the trafficking of women with other forms of women's subordination. Indeed, gender discrimination and war, poverty and violence against women all fuel the criminally-organized trafficking industry.

Gender violence includes rape, sexual assault, relationship violence in heterosexual and same sex partnerships, sexual harassment, stalking, prostitution and sex trafficking. The term "gender violence" reflects the idea that violence often serves to maintain structural gender inequalities, and includes all types of violence against women, children and adolescents, and lesbian and gay people. This type of violence in some way influences or is influenced by gender relations. To adequately address this violence, we have to address cultural issues that encourage violence as part of masculinity.

Gender is also the most powerful predictor of rape, sexual assault and relationship violence. These crimes are predominantly against women and perpetrated by men. According to the National Violence Against Women Survey (1998), 15% of women will be the victim of a completed rape in their lifetimes and 2.1% of men. According to the Department of Justice, 99% of all people arrested for rape are men. While some men are rape victims, men are almost always the perpetrator. That is not to say that all or even most men are violent, or that women cannot perpetrate such violence. Gender violence highlights a male-patterned violence: a prevalent violence committed most often but not always by men, often motivated by aggression, revenge, competition, and entitlement, and includes sexual and other violence against women, partners and children.

Global health organizations

Global Health

  

The American Public Health Association is committed to improving global health and was one of the first U.S. non-governmental organizations to become involved in this field.

APHA has had its own program in global health since the early 1970s and works with with other organizations to promote better health in other countries around the world. For more information on the history of global health at APHA, please see the published booklet entitled Growth of International Health: An Analysis and History.

As the leading professional association that promotes and protects the health of all people, our diverse membership includes representation from over 100 countries! Across the association, APHA promotes global health through various programs, activities and partnerships.

GLOBAL HEALTH EVENTS: Join us in South Africa and New Orleans

Partners:
APHA works collaboratively with its key partners in global health including: the Pan-American Health Organization, Global Health Council, United Nations Council of Organizations, and the World Federation of Public Health Associations.

International Health Section

The International Health Section, an active community of 1,600 international health professionals based in the U.S. and overseas, was founded in 1976 to provide leadership and a focus on international public health issues within APHA. It is one of APHA’s 29 discipline-based Sections. Members can connect with the Section by visiting their web page.

International Trade and Health Forum

The forum convenes members with an interest and concern regarding the adverse impacts from international trade agreements (such as NAFTA, CAFTA and GATS) on public health, both internationally and within the United States. Additionally, the Forum works to educate APHA members about the impact of trade issues on public health, and to protect public health priorities in international trade policy. Learn more about the forum.

 

NEWS:
APHA’s 142^nd Annual Meeting

November 15-19, 2014
New Orleans
“Healthography: How where you live affects your health and well-being"
Call for Abstracts — submission deadlines vary. Please visit the Abstract Submission page for more information.

Save the Date: World Federation of Public Health Associations’ 14^th World Congress on Public Health

“Healthy People, Healthy Environment”February 11-15, 2015
  WFPHA and the Indian Public Health Association welcome global development experts to gather at the Congress to share ideas, experiences and research. The event will not only serve as a venue for an international exchange of knowledge and best practices but also highlight public health within the SEARO region. The call for abstracts closes on June 15.

WFPHA e-newsletter

For the latest news highlighting the work of the Federation and other member associations around the world, read the e-newsletter. 

OPPORTUNITIES:
Pan American Health Organization's Internship and Practicum ProgramThe Internship and Practicum Program trains young and energetic individuals entering the public health field and interested in providing services to the Organization. PAHO Interns/volunteers are a diverse group of senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students from diverse universities from the U.S., Canada and other countries. They are matched with appropriate technical programs based upon the individual’s interests and skills. Placements are in the PAHO offices or Pan American Centers in the Region. 

International Travel Opportunities

APHA, in consultation with a travel vendor, annually organizes research delegations to Cuba for health professionals as well as graduate students working toward an advanced degree in public health. Participants must be active members of APHA. 

We invite you to join the next delegation to research Cuba’s health care system. Generally, the specific meetings and topics for discussion are determined based on the composition and research interests of the teams. Trips also are planned for other countries throughout the year.

For questions or information about APHA’s work in global health, please contact:

Vina HuLamm, MS
Global Health Manager
202-777-2506

Guadalajara areas with gender violence

  Abstract 

 Domestic violence against women is a sociomedical problem that continues to be overlooked by health institutions specifically and Mexican society as a whole. There are a handful of initial studies on this issue that report on the problem in specific areas of the country. This is a pilot study on 57 women from Guadalajara, Mexico, selected through a multi-stage random sample. Some 46% of the women had suffered domestic violence. The partner was identified as the perpetrator in 73% of these cases. Among these women, 33% had been emotionally abused, 19% physically abused, and 12% sexually abused.

  National areas with gender violence

Statistics vary on the prevalence of violence against women in Mexico. A National 
Survey on the Dynamics of Domestic Relations,carried out in 2003, revealed that 
nearly half of women who were married or in union had experienced at least one 
incident of violence at the hands of their partner in the previous year; nearly 8 
per cent reported incidents of sexual violence during the same time period.

A National Survey on Violence against Women, alsocarried out in 2003, found that 
among women using public health services, one in three had suffered vio-lence in 
an intimate relationship during their lifetime; one in four had experienced such 
violence during pregnancy.

The same survey found that 17 per cent of women reported that they had been 
victims of sexual violence at some point in their lives; nearly 8 per cent of 
women had experienced sexual violence before the age of 15. Most often, the 
perpetrator was the girl’s father, stepfather or other family member.

 The survey also revealed that sexual violence tends to be hidden when it is caused 
by somebody emotionally involved with the victim

.

 International areas of gender violence

 

Violence against women and girls is one of the most widespread violations of 
human rights. According to a 2013 WHO global study, 35 per cent of women 
worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual violence. However, 
some national studies show that up to 70 per cent of women have experienced 
physical and/or sexual  violence in their lifetime from an intimate partner.

To raise awareness and trigger action to end this global scourge, the UN observes 
 International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on 25 November. The 
date marks the brutal assassination in 1960 of the three Mirabal sisters, political 
activists in the Dominican Republic.

Every year, 25 November and the ensuing 16 Days of Activism against Gender 
Violence which follow (ending on 10 December, Human Rights Day) are commemorated 
around the world, providing individuals and groups a chance to mobilize and call 
attention to the urgent need to end violence against women and girls.

Ending violence against women is one of UN Women’s key priority areas, with 
programmes addressing the pandemic implemented globally. UN Women also 
coordinates the UN Secretary-General’s United to End Violence against Women 
campaign and supports widespread social mobilization through its Say NO – United
 to End Violence against Women social media platforms on Facebook and Twitter. In 
addition, UN Women manages the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against 
Women which commemorates its 17th anniversary in 2013.

Violence against women and girls is one of the most widespread violations of human rights. According to a 2013 WHO global study, 35 per cent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual violence. However, some national studies show that up to 70 per cent of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence in their lifetime from an intimate partner [1].
To raise awareness and trigger action to end this global scourge, the UN observes International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on 25 November. The date marks the brutal assassination in 1960 of the three Mirabal sisters, political activists in the Dominican Republic.

Every year, 25 November and the ensuing 16 Days of Activism against Gender Violence which follow (ending on 10 December, Human Rights Day) are commemorated around the world, providing individuals and groups a chance to mobilize and call attention to the urgent need to end violence against women and girls.
Ending violence against women is one of UN Women’s key priority areas, with programmes addressing the pandemic implemented globally. UN Women also coordinates the UN Secretary-General’s UNiTE to End Violence against Women campaign and supports widespread social mobilization through its Say NO – UNiTE to End Violence against Women social media platforms on Facebook and Twitter. In addition, UN Women manages the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women which commemorates its 17th anniversary in 2013.
- See more at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/end-violence-against-women#sthash.xZXyGfbY.dpuf

Violence against women and girls is one of the most widespread violations of human rights. According to a 2013 WHO global study, 35 per cent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual violence. However, some national studies show that up to 70 per cent of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence in their lifetime from an intimate partner [1].
To raise awareness and trigger action to end this global scourge, the UN observes International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on 25 November. The date marks the brutal assassination in 1960 of the three Mirabal sisters, political activists in the Dominican Republic.

Every year, 25 November and the ensuing 16 Days of Activism against Gender Violence which follow (ending on 10 December, Human Rights Day) are commemorated around the world, providing individuals and groups a chance to mobilize and call attention to the urgent need to end violence against women and girls.
Ending violence against women is one of UN Women’s key priority areas, with programmes addressing the pandemic implemented globally. UN Women also coordinates the UN Secretary-General’s UNiTE to End Violence against Women campaign and supports widespread social mobilization through its Say NO – UNiTE to End Violence against Women social media platforms on Facebook and Twitter. In addition, UN Women manages the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women which commemorates its 17th anniversary in 2013.
- See more at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/end-violence-against-women#sthash.xZXyGfbY.dpuf

Violence against women and girls is one of the most widespread violations of human rights. According to a 2013 WHO global stud                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
To raise awareness and trigger action to end this global scourge, the UN observes International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on 25 November. The date marks the brutal assassination in 1960 of the three Mirabal sisters, political activists in the Dominican Republic.

ook and Twitter. In addition, UN Women manages the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women which commemorates its 17th anniversary in 2013.

- See more at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/end-violence-against-women#sthash.xZXyGfbY.dpuf